Road & Track Review of the 2019 Acura Rxd
Transport in Dki jakarta | |
---|---|
Overview | |
Locale | Jabodetabek |
Transit type | Commuter rail, metro, low-cal metro, double-decker rapid transit and bus, angkot, taxicab, motorbike taxi, bajaj, private automobile, bicycle, pedestrian |
As a metropolitan area of near 30 million people, Djakarta has a variety of send systems.[i] Jakarta was awarded 2021 global Sustainable Send Award (STA) for integrated public transportation system.[2]
The urban center prioritized development of route networks, which were mostly designed to adapt individual vehicles.[3] A notable characteristic of Jakarta's present route system is the cost road network. Composed of an inner and outer ring road and five cost roads radiating outwards, the network provides inner every bit well as outer urban center connections. An 'odd-even' policy limits road use to cars with either odd or fifty-fifty-numbered registration plates on a detail solar day as a transitional measure out to alleviate traffic congestion until the hereafter introduction of electronic road pricing.
In that location are many bus terminals in the city, from where buses operate on numerous routes to connect neighborhoods within the metropolis limit, to other areas of Greater Djakarta expanse and to cities across the island of Java. The biggest of the bus concluding is Pulo Gebang Bus Terminal, which is arguably the largest of its kind in Southeast Asia.[4] Master terminus for long altitude train services are Gambir and Pasar Senen. Loftier-speed railways being constructed connecting Jakarta to Bandung and another one is at planning stage from Jakarta to Surabaya.
Rapid transit in Greater Jakarta consists of TransJakarta bus rapid transit, Jakarta LRT, Djakarta MRT, Greater Jakarta Driver Track, and Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rail Link. Another transit system Greater Jakarta LRT is expected to exist operational by 2022. The urban center admininitration is building transit oriented development like Dukuh Atas TOD and CSW-ASEAN TOD in several area beyond Jakarta to facilitate commuters to transfer between dissimilar mode of public transportation.
Privately owned passenger vehicle systems similar Kopaja, MetroMini, Mayasari Bakti and PPD too provide important services for Jakarta commuters with numerous routes throughout the city. Pedicabs are banned from the city for causing traffic congestion. Bajaj automobile rickshaw provide local transportation in the back streets of some parts of the city. Angkot microbuses as well play a major role in road send of Jakarta. Taxicabs and ojeks (motorbike taxis) are bachelor in the urban center.
The city administration has undertaken a project to build about 500 kilometers of bicycle lanes. As of June 2021, Jakarta already has 63 kilometers of bicycle lanes, and another 101 kilometers will be added by the end of the twelvemonth 2021.[five] [6]
Soekarno–Hatta International Aerodrome (CGK) is the main airport serving the Greater Jakarta area, while Halim Perdanakusuma Aerodrome (HLP) accommodates private and low-cost domestic flights. Other airports in the Jakarta metropolitan area include Pondok Cabe Airport and an airfield on Pulau Panjang, part of the Thousand Island archipelago.
Indonesia's busiest and Jakarta'south main seaport Tanjung Priok serves many ferry connections to dissimilar parts of Indonesia. The old port Sunda Kelapa just accommodate pinisi, a traditional two-masted wooden sailing ship serving inter-island freight service in the archipelago. Muara Angke is used as a public port to Chiliad Islands (Indonesia), while Marina Ancol is used equally a tourist port.[7]
[edit]
As of 2015, about 1.iv 1000000 commuters travel into the metropolis center from the outskirts of Jakarta. Based on the survey, 58 percent of these commuters use motorcycles, 12.8 percent utilize cars and only 27 percent use public transportation.[eight] In 2004, a study was undertaken to fix a master program for an integrated public transport system within Greater Jakarta, which revealed the style of transport among urban center dwellers.[9] [10] The city's 9.v% boilerplate almanac growth rate of motorized vehicles far exceeds the 0.01% increase in road length betwixt 2005 and 2010. As of 2010, public transportation in Jakarta serves only 56% of commuter trips. [x]
Send mode | No. trips (thousands) | % share |
---|---|---|
Walking | 14,073 | 37.seven |
Angkot (pocket-size passenger vehicle) | 7,818 | twenty.9 |
Motorcycle | four,890 | xiii.1 |
Sedan/MPV/SUV | 2,783 | seven.5 |
Medium Coach | 2,012 | v.4 |
Large Bus | i,224 | 3.3 |
Ojek (Motorcycle taxi) | one,073 | 2.9 |
Bicycle | 787 | two.1 |
School/Visitor bus | 466 | one.2 |
Economy Train | 434 | i.2 |
Patas Ac (Bus) | 422 | 1.1 |
Colt/Mini Cab | 298 | 0.8 |
Omprengan | 295 | 0.eight |
Bajaj | 217 | 0.6 |
Becak | 202 | 0.five |
Selection Upward | 131 | 0.iv |
Taxi | 126 | 0.3 |
Express Train | 39 | 0.1 |
Truck | 33 | 0.ane |
Other | 8 | 0.0 |
Total | 37,330 | 100 |
Road transport [edit]
Streets and highways [edit]
During the Dutch colonial era, a structured road network connecting almost major cities throughout Coffee was developed every bit a part of the Java Great Post Road past former Governor-General H.W. Daendels. The network was built in the early on 19th century, and although the network was afterwards expanded to a great extent, it could non keep up with the rapidly increasing numbers of motorized vehicles, resulting in highly congested traffic.[1] [11] The city prioritized development of road networks, which were mostly designed to adapt private vehicles.[iii]
A notable characteristic of Dki jakarta's present road organization is the cost road network. Composed of an inner and outer band route and six toll roads radiating outwards, the network provides inner besides as outer city connections. Jakarta Outer Ring Road 2 is an under-construction toll road encircling greater Jakarta area, parallel with Djakarta Outer Band Road (JORR 1).
The six radiating toll roads are:
- Prof. Dr. Ir. Soedijatmo Toll Road linking to Soekarno–Hatta International Airport
- Jakarta–Tangerang Toll Route linking to Tangerang and further to Merak in the westward
- Dki jakarta–Serpong Cost Route linking to Serpong
- Depok-Antasari Price Road linking to Depok and planned to go further to Bogor
- Jagorawi Price Road linking to Bogor and Ciawi in the south
- Jakarta–Cikampek Toll Road linking to Bekasi and Cikampek in the east
The urban center's 9.5% average annual growth rate of motorized vehicles far exceeded the 0.01% increment in road length betwixt 2005 and 2010.[ citation needed ] In 2018, over thirteen meg motorcycles and 4.4 meg cars used the roads of Dki jakarta.[12] In 2019, there were about 88 one thousand thousand movements per day in the Greater Jakarta area,[thirteen] and public transportation accounts for only 30% of commuter trips.[fourteen] According to the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas) traffic congestion in Greater Djakarta causes a waste of nearly $7.4 billion each year.[xv]
Throughout the years, several attempts have been fabricated to reduce traffic congestion on Jakarta'due south main arteries. Implemented solutions include a '3-in-1' rush-60 minutes police force, during which cars with fewer than three passengers are prohibited from driving on the main avenues. All the same, "auto jockeys" were paid by commuters to ride into the center of the city to let the utilise of three-in-i roads.[sixteen] Some other instance is the ban on trucks passing primary avenues during the 24-hour interval.[17] In 2016, 'odd-even' policy was introduced which designated cars with either odd or fifty-fifty-numbered registration plates on a particular mean solar day.[xviii] This aims to function equally a transitional mensurate to convalesce traffic congestion until the hereafter introduction of Electronic Road Pricing which would be more constructive.[nineteen]
Due to the metropolis's astute gridlock, the Jakarta administration has decided to implement Electronic Road Pricing in x districts: Tanah Abang, Menteng, Setiabudi, Tebet, Matraman, Senen, Gambir, Tambora, Sawah Besar and Taman Sari.[20] The ERP is planned to be implemented in the three-in-1 zone and forth Jl. Rasuna Said. The ERP system is expected to exist operational by 2019 along with the opening of the Jakarta MRT.[21] Implementation of the ERP system is planned to take place in 2 phases; the first volition be for vehicles moving from the Senayan traffic circle to the Hotel Republic of indonesia traffic circle while the second will be installed from the Hullo traffic circumvolve to Jl. Medan Merdeka Barat.[22]
Bus service [edit]
There are many jitney terminals in the city, from where buses operate on numerous routes to connect neighborhoods within the metropolis limit, to other areas of Greater Jakarta area and to cities across the island of Coffee. The biggest of the bus concluding is Pulo Gebang Passenger vehicle Terminal, which is arguably the largest of its kind in Southeast Asia.[4] Besides TransJakarta, other private owned double-decker systems like Kopaja, MetroMini, Mayasari Bakti and PPD also provide important services for Jakarta commuters with numerous routes throughout the city. Since Jan 2013, Djakarta Government has integrated Kopaja AC buses with TransJakarta feeder bus routes. For the hereafter, Metromini Air conditioning double-decker information technology is also possible to enter TransJakarta double-decker lanes to enhance integrated bus rapid transit organisation.
Traditional transports [edit]
In 1966, an estimated 160 m pedicabs (becak) operated in the city; as much every bit xv% of Jakarta's total workforce was engaged in becak driving. In 1971, becaks were banned from major roads, and shortly thereafter the government attempted a total ban, which substantially reduced their numbers but did non eliminate them. A campaign to eliminate them succeeded in 1990 and 1991, only during the economic crisis of 1998, some returned amid less effective regime attempts to control them.[23] Becaks were banned because they caused traffic congestion and they were seen as the exploitation of humans by other humans.[24] Becaks were replaced by bemo, betor, helicak, minicar, and bajaj.[24] In 2018, Governor Anies Baswedan attempted to permit becaks again because of a political contract with becak drivers during his entrada.[25] Most cycle rickshaw drivers in the 1980s were former landless agricultural laborers from rural areas of Java.[23] As of March 2018[update], there are virtually 1,500 becaks in Dki jakarta.[26]
Bajaj auto rickshaw provide local transportation in the dorsum streets of some parts of the urban center. From the early 1940s to 1991 they were a common form of local transportation in the city. They are colored bluish (for the ones which use Compressed natural gas) and orange (for the ones which use normal gasoline fuel).[27] The blue ones are imported from India with the brand of Bajaj and TVS and the orange ones are the old pattern from 1990. The government is currently replacing the orange bajajs with the blue ones because blueish bajajs are less polluting and the gas fuel is cheaper.[27] [28] Bemo was a three-wheeled vehicle similar to bajaj, which were eliminated in 1996 considering they were former, too dangerous and cause much pollution, merely they connected to exist until recently,[29] when in 2017, Bajaj Qute was introduced to replace bemo.[30] Angkot microbuses also play a major role in road transport of Jakarta. They operates in numerous routes to connect neighborhoods of the urban center.
Taxi cab [edit]
Plenty of taxi cabs are available in the city. Many companies operate & maintain pools of different model of cars in their ain brands. Go-Jek and Grab also have wide presence. Vehicle for hire companies accessible by mobile apps, known in Indonesia every bit taksi online (online taxi), has reduced the number of conventional taxi companies operating in Jakarta from 32 to 4 (Blue Bird, Limited, Gamya, and Taxiku).[31]
Motorcycle taxi/ojek [edit]
Although ojek are not an official form of public send, they can be found throughout Indonesia and in Jakarta. They are specially useful when navigating crowded urban roads, narrow alleyways, heavy traffic and cramped locations that larger vehicles cannot reach. Most of the ojeks are operated by Go-Jek and Grab, in Indonesia called ojek online. Go-Jek was founded in 2011 so that ojek drivers who had been working with unpredictable income could operate professionally with better income, and its app was created in 2015.[32]
Bike [edit]
At that place are bike taxis (ojek sepeda ontel) in the Kota Tua (Old City) region. Nonetheless, the revenues are declining because of the popularity of ojek online.[33] As of Nov 2019, Djakarta has 63 kilometers of carve up bike lane, which will be extended to 200 kilometers by 2020.[34] Wheel-sharing company Gowes, which means "to paddle," in Indonesian, started operation in limited areas of Dki jakarta in 2018.[35]
Intercity Rail [edit]
Long-distance railways and local tram services were first introduced during the Dutch colonial era. While the trams were replaced with buses in the mail service-colonial era, long-altitude railways connected to connect the city to its neighboring regions as well every bit cities throughout the isle of Java. Principal terminus for long distance train services are Gambir and Pasar Senen. High-speed railways are planned connecting Dki jakarta-Bandung and Jakarta-Surabaya.
High speed rail [edit]
The start high-speed track to connect Jakarta with Bandung is currently under construction which is expected to start functioning in 2021. The contract was awarded to Mainland china. Both Nihon and Mainland china contested as a potential contractor, but information technology was awarded to Prc mainly because of their proposal did non require Indonesian financial spending or authorities debt guarantees.[36] The project cost was estimated to be United states of america$5.5 billion. People's republic of china Evolution Bank will fund 75 percent of the project. A joint venture company PT Kereta Cepat Indonesia-China has formed by Cathay Railway Grouping Express (CREC) with a consortium of Indonesia's state-endemic enterprises (SOEs) led by PT Wijaya Karya Tbk to develop the projection.[37]
Another project to upgrade of existing Jakarta-Surabaya road to high speed rail is undertaken in 2016. Priority was given to Japan this fourth dimension who had been i of the biggest investors to Indonesia. The route is supposed to finish construction in 2019.[38]
Rapid transit [edit]
At present rapid transit in Greater Djakarta consists of a BRT TransJakarta, the Djakarta MRT, Jakarta LRT, the Greater Jakarta Commuter Rail and Soekarno-Hatta Airport Rails Link. Other transit system beingness under construction is the Greater Dki jakarta LRT.
Symbol | Name | Began Performance | Last Extension | Terminus | No. of Stations | Length (km) | Blazon | Depots | Operator | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rail-based | ||||||||||
Tanjung Priok Line | 5 December 2011[a] | 21 December 2015 | Dki jakarta Kota | Tanjung Priok | four | 15.4 km | Commuter rail (South-railroad train) | Bukit Duri Depok Bogor | KAI Driver | |
Cikarang Line | 5 December 2011[a] | eight October 2017 | Jakarta Kota | Cikarang | 19 | 27.4 km | ||||
Central Line | 5 Dec 2011[a] | - | Jakarta Kota | Bogor | 24 | 54.8 km | ||||
Loop Line | 5 December 2011[a] | 1 April 2015 | Jatinegara | Bogor | 33 | 82.2 km | ||||
Rangkasbitung Line | 5 December 2011[a] | one April 2017 | Tanah Abang | Rangkasbitung | 17 | 72.8 km | ||||
Tangerang Line | 5 December 2011[a] | - | Duri | Tangerang | 11 | xix.3 km | ||||
Soekarno-Hatta Line | 31 December 2017 | 8 September 2019 | Manggarai | Soekarno-Hatta | 5 | 54.3 km | Airport rail link | Manggarai | KAI Bandara | |
N-South Line | 24 March 2019 | - | Bundaran How-do-you-do | Lebak Bulus | thirteen | 15.seven km | Rapid transit | Lebak Bulus | MRT Jakarta | |
Southward Line | one December 2019 | - | Pegangsaan Dua | Velodrome | 6 | 5.8 km | Light metro | Pegangsaan Dua | LRT Jakarta | |
Passenger vehicle rapid transit trunk lines | ||||||||||
Corridor one | 1 February 2004 | - | Blok 1000 | Stasiun Kota | 19 | 15.48 km | Bus rapid transit | Cawang Kayu Putih Klender Cijantung Ciputat | Transjakarta | |
Corridor 2 | 15 January 2006 | - | Harmoni Sentral | Pulogadung 1 | 24 | 17.88 km | Kayu Putih Klender Pegangsaan Dua Cakung Ciputat | |||
Corridor 3 | xv Jan 2006 | - | Kalideres | Pasar Baru | sixteen | 16.14 km | Klender Ciputat Pegangsaan Dua Cakung | |||
Corridor 4 | 27 January 2007 | - | Pulogadung 2 | Tosari | 17 | 12.33 km | Klender Cakung Ciputat | |||
Corridor v | 27 January 2007 | - | Ancol | Kampung Melayu | xviii | xiii.58 km | Pesing Cawang Pulo Gadung Klender Ciputat | |||
Corridor vi | 27 January 2007 | - | Ragunan | Tosari | 22 | 15.ninety km | Cijantung Klender Ciputat | |||
Corridor 7 | 27 Jan 2007 | - | Kampung Rambutan | Kampung Melayu | 14 | 12.57 km | Cawang Ciputat Cijantung | |||
Corridor eight | 21 February 2009 | - | Lebak Bulus | Harmoni Sentral | 22 | 25.33 km | Ciputat Pegangsaan Dua Cijantung Klender | |||
Corridor 9 | 31 December 2010 | - | Pinang Ranti | Pluit | 27 | 31.57 km | Pesing Pinang Ranti Cawang Ciputat Klender Cijantung | |||
Corridor 10 | 31 December 2010 | - | Tanjung Priok | PGC 2 (Cililitan) | 22 | 19.11 km | Cakung Cijantung Pegangsaan Dua Klender Ciputat | |||
Corridor 11 | 28 December 2011 | - | Kampung Melayu | Pulo Gebang | 16 | 13.86 km | Klender Pulo Gadung Klender Ciputat | |||
Corridor 12 | 14 February 2013 | - | Penjaringan | Sunter Kelapa Gading | 20 | 23.xxx km | Cijantung | |||
Corridor 13 | thirteen August 2017 | 12 November 2018 | CBD Ciledug | Tendean | 14 | fourteen.18 km | Cawang |
- ^ a b c d due east f Converted as KCJ line
Bus rapid transit [edit]
TransJakarta bus rapid transit service (known as Busway) was adult in the context of development reforms (or reformasi) and used Bogota's TransMilenio system equally a model.[39] Jakarta'due south first busway line, from Blok K to Dki jakarta Kota opened in January 2004 and as of 14 February 2013, twelve out of xv corridors are in use. TransJakarta has the world'southward longest bus rapid transit routes (230.9 kilometers (143.v mi) in length).[40] [41] TransJakarta had a total of 128 routes equally of Apr 2018 (corridor, cantankerous road & feeder road) - a pregnant increase from 41 routes in 2015. TransJakarta has targeted to serve one million passengers per day by the cease of 2018.[42] In addition in that location are 18 'feeder' routes that serve beyond the sectional busway corridors. Located in the municipalities surrounding Jakarta, the feeder service uses special buses that permit for boarding at either ground level or the TransJakarta station platforms. Transjakarta owned more than 1,500 buses in the get-go three months of 2017 and targets to take three,000 buses past the end of the twelvemonth.[43]
Greater Jakarta Commuter rail [edit]
Greater Jakarta Commuter Rails or ordinarily known as Commuterline is a driver track system which serves commuters in Dki jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Due south Tangerang, and Bekasi. The driver system was started in 2000.[44] The number of passengers in 2014 reached 208 one thousand thousand, rising from 158 million in the previous year.[45] Driver Line serves all municipalities in Jakarta excluding the Thousand Islands, every bit well as Greater Jakarta region. The rail system uses rolling stock of rapid transit standard and operates at high frequency with a minimum headway. The average daily ridership was about 0.95 million[46] with a total of 315.8 million commuters used Commuter LineL Jabodetabek in the yr 2017.[47]
Major rail stations on the commuter line are Jakarta Kota, Jatinegara, Tanah Abang, Duri, Pasar Senen, Manggarai and Sudirman. Every bit a transit station, Manggarai railway station is the busiest station in Indonesia, with more than 100,000 passengers boarding and alighting each day.[48] Though during rush hours, the number of passengers greatly exceeds the arrangement's capacity, and crowding is common.
Jakarta MRT [edit]
After a long planning and years of delay, Djakarta Mass Rapid Transit is currently in service. Jakarta city government decided for a rails-based system because of its ability to comport large numbers of people quickly and cheaply.[49] Jakarta MRT has a North–Southward line between Kota and Lebak Bulus and an East–Westward line. Training work started in April 2012,[50] and groundbreaking was washed in October 2013. The first stage, between Bundaran HI and Lebak Bulus Grab began operations on 24 March 2019,[51] and the entire North–South line is scheduled to exist operational by 2027.[52] [53]
Dki jakarta LRT [edit]
Jakarta LRT is a calorie-free metro system currently under construction.[54] Eight two-cars trainsets were procured. The beginning phase of the LRT, from Velodrome to Pegangsaan Dua with 6 stations and a length of five.8 kilometers (three.half-dozen mi),[55] began commercial operations on 1 December 2019.[56]
Greater Jakarta LRT [edit]
Greater Djakarta LRT (LRT Jabodebek) is a light metro system which is currently under structure. The light track transit (LRT) projection was launched to supervene upon the previously abased monorail project.[57] The groundbreaking ceremony was held on nine September 2015, with the first phase of the structure will connect Harjamukti in Depok with Dukuh Atas in downtown Cardinal Jakarta, passing through Cawang intersection. This phase will be 42.1 kilometers (26.ii miles) long, which includes 18 stations, and is expected to exist operational by early 2022, after multiple delays.[58]
Airport rails link [edit]
Soekarno-Hatta Airdrome Rail Link is a commuter train service connecting the Soekarno-Hatta International Aerodrome to the BNI City in Cardinal Dki jakarta.[59] Another express train service is now nether planning phase to connect Soekarno-Hatta International Airdrome with Halim Perdanakusuma Drome. Completion of this line is expected to be in 2019 at the earliest.[60]
Air [edit]
Soekarno–Hatta International Airport (CGK) is the master drome serving the Greater Jakarta area. The airport is named later the offset President of Indonesia, Soekarno, and the first Vice President of Indonesia, Mohammad Hatta. The airdrome is often called Cengkareng airport or Soetta by Indonesians. The airport'due south IATA lawmaking, CGK, originates from the name of the Cengkareng locality, Tangerang, Banten, although the location of this airport is located outside of the city, it is used as a gate out by the Jakartans and citizen of the surrounding areas, therefore at the primary gate of the drome, there is an inscription "Jakarta Airports".[61] Soekarno–Hatta International Drome was ranked as 17th busiest aerodrome in the world by Airports Quango International, with about 63 1000000 passengers in 2017.[62] Today the airport is running over capacity. After T3 Soekarno-Hatta Airdrome expansion has finished in May 2016, the total capacity of three terminals get 43 million passengers a year. T1 and T2 also will exist revitalized, then all the three terminals finally will accommodate 67 million passengers a year.[63]
A second airport, Halim Perdanakusuma Airdrome (HLP) serves domestic flight of low-toll airline, private and VIP/presidential flights. Other airports in the Jakarta metropolitan area include Pondok Cabe Airport and an airfield on Pulau Panjang, part of the Thou Island archipelago (Kepulauan Seribu).
Waterway [edit]
Sea [edit]
Djakarta'southward main seaport Port of Tanjung Priok serves many ferry connections to different parts of Indonesia. Port of Tanjung Priok is Indonesia's busiest port, and the 21st busiest port in the world in 2013, handling over half dozen.59 million TEUs.[64] To boost the port capacity, two-phase "New Tanjung Priok" extension project is currently ongoing. When fully operational in 2023, information technology volition triple existing annual capacity.
The port is also an of import employer in the area, with more than xviii,000 employees who provide services to more than than 18,000 ships every year. The Port of Tanjung Priok has twenty terminals: full general cargo, multipurpose final, scraps final, passenger concluding, dry out bulk final, liquid bulk terminal, oil terminal, chemicals terminal and three container terminals, 76 berths, a quay length of xvi,853 meters (55,292 feet), a full storage surface area of 661,822 square meters (7,123,790 square feet) and a storage capacity of 401,468 metric tons.[65]
Muara Angke Port is used as a public port to 1000 Islands. In December 2011, Muara Angke Port was renovated for Rp 130 billion ($14.4 million) in a 3 hectare surface area.[66] The port serves three water ship routes as of 2020:[67]
Route | Stops |
---|---|
Route 1 | Muara Angke – Untung Jawa Island – Lancang Island – Payung Island – Tidung Island |
Route 2 | Muara Angke – Untung Jawa Island – Pari Island – Panggang Island – Pramuka Island |
Route 3 | Muara Angke – Kelapa Island – Sabira Island |
Some other ports in Dki jakarta include the one-time port of Sunda Kelapa and Marina Ancol Port. Sunda Kelapa Port only accommodate pinisi, a traditional two masted wooden sailing ship serving inter-island freight service in the archipelago. Marina Ancol Port is used equally a tourist port, serves speed boat routes to various islands across Grand Islands.
River [edit]
On vi June 2007, the city administration introduced the Waterway (officially Angkutan Sungai), a new river boat service forth the Ciliwung River.[11] [68] Unfortunately, due of varying h2o levels during the dry and wet seasons in add-on to floating plastic trashes that comes with water from upstream during raining, the service was closed.[69]
See also [edit]
- Transport in Republic of indonesia
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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Jakarta
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